periodontal disease

 

Periodontitis is a serious gum infection that can occur if gingivitis is allowed to progress. Scientific evidence suggests that periodontitis weakens your teeth's support system, which, in turn, can cause tooth loss.When you have periodontitis, it requires ongoing professional care. Therefore, prevention is key. Adopt a good oral care routine. Floss with REACH® products, and rinse with LISTERINE® Antiseptic to prevent plaque & gingivitis.

DIET

Diet : 

1.  To eat and drink according to a regulated system, especially so as to lose weight or control a medical condition.

2. The kinds of food that a person, animal, or community habitually eats.a special course of food to which a person restricts themselves, either to lose weight or for medical reasons.restrict oneself to small amounts or special kinds of food in order to lose weight.

Balance Diet :

A diet that contains adequate amounts of all the necessary nutrients required for healthy growth and activity.

Balanced diet is a diet that consists of adequate amounts of all the necessary nutrients required for healthy growth and activity. They include fats, carbohydrates, proteins and vitamins. 

A balanced diet is one that gives your body the nutrition it needs to function properly. In order to get truly balanced nutrition, you should obtain the majority of your daily calories from fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins.

How to have a balance diet :

 

1. Avoid High-protein/low-carbohydrate diets. If you want to have a well balanced diet it probably won’t be a good idea to get most of your daily calorie intake from high-protein foods such as cheese, eggs and meat. This kind of diet may cause you to eat too much fat and cholesterol which can cause heart disease. Also, too few fruits and vegetables may be consumed leading to constipation. 

Following a high-protein/low-carbohydrate diet may also make you feel nauseous, tired, and weak.

2. Eat starches. They are not fattening and should be not be avoided when trying to slim. Foods that are high in starch only become high in fat and calories when eaten in large portion sizes or when covered with high-fat toppings like butter or mayonnaise. Foods high in starch are an important source of energy for your body. Examples like bread, rice, pasta, cereals, beans, fruits, and some vegetables can be low in fat and calories.

3.Eat nuts. Actually this is partly true as nuts are high in calories and fat. However, most nuts contain healthy fats that do not clog arteries. Nuts are also good sources of protein, dietary fiber, and minerals. In small amounts, nuts can be part of a healthy weight-loss program. 

4. Eat meat regularly. Meats such as Red meat, pork, chicken, and fish contain some cholesterol and saturated fat but they also contain healthy nutrients like protein, iron, and zinc. Eating lean meat in small amounts can be part of a healthy weight-loss plan. 

5. Use dairy products. Dairy products have many nutrients your body needs. They offer protein to build muscles and help organs work properly, and calcium to strengthen bones. Low-fat and fat-free milk, yogurt, and cheese are just as nutritious as whole-milk dairy products, but they are lower in fat and calories. 

 

Balance diet planning :

Importance of balance diet :

Balance diet chart :

Diet for children :

Balance diet for weight loss :

Balance diet for Pregnant woman :

CARIES

Dental caries can also be called tooth decay. In pathological state dental caries is the most frequent disorders that endures to the individual. It happens due to demineralization and destruction of the tough tissues of tooth ( enamel, dentine and cementum ) because of particular kinds of cariogenic microorganisms. Carb kinds of food gather in the tooth area, subsequently bacteria is colonized in the food dust and fermenting of the carb kinds of food. These causes acid generation, which acid causes destruction of the hard tissue of teeth.
Dental caries is an powerful microbiological disorder that results in localized dissolution and destruction of calcified tissue of the tooth. Included in these are:

  Crevices, pits or grooves in the back teeth
  Between teeth
  Around dental fillings or bridgework
  Near the gum line

Some of the plaque microorganisms change sugar and carbs (starches) in the meals we eat into acids. The acids dissolve minerals in the hard enamel that covers the tooth's crown (the portion it is possible to see). The enamel erodes or develops pits. They may be too little to see in the beginning. But they get bigger over time.
Acid can also seep through pores in the enamel. That is how rot starts in the softer dentin layer, the primary body of the tooth. As the dentin reduces, the enamel over it can fall, forming a cavity.
If the cavity isn't repaired, bacteria will enter the tooth's interior layer. This includes the delicate pulp and delicate nerve fibers.
Tooth roots exposed by receding gum can also grow rot. The root outside layer, cementum, isn't as thick as enamel. Acids from plaque bacteria can dissolve it quickly.
No one actually understands what causes the pain folks get with cavities that haven't entered the pulp. Hypotheses comprise:

  Redness from bacteria
  Exposure of the root surface
  Imbalance of fluid amounts in tiny openings called tubules inside the dentin




Symptoms
Early caries may not have any symptoms. Later, when the decay has eaten through the enamel, the teeth may be sensitive to sweet, hot or cold foods or drinks.

Diagnosis
A dentist will look for caries at each office visit. This will be part of the exam, whether it is a routine visit or an appointment made because of pain. The dentist will look at the teeth and may probe them with a tool called an explorer to look for pits or areas of damage. The problem with these methods is that they often do not catch cavities when they are just forming. Occasionally, if too much force is used, an explorer can puncture the enamel. This could allow the cavity-causing bacteria to spread to healthy teeth.
Newer devices also have been developed to detect tooth decay. They are useful in some situations, and they do not spread decay. The one most commonly used in dental offices is a liquid dye or stain. Your dentist brushes the nontoxic dye over your teeth, then rinses it off with water. It rinses away cleanly from healthy areas but sticks to the decayed areas.
Some dentists also use high-tech devices such as lasers to detect cavities. Under many conditions, these devices can detect very early tooth decay, which can actually be reversed.
Lastly, more advanced caries can be seen on X-rays. They are taken on a set schedule, or to find out the cause of symptoms such as pain.



Expected Duration
Caries may be curable, or not, depending on when it is found. White spots may indicate early caries that has not yet eroded through the enamel. Early caries may be reversed if acid damage is stopped and the tooth is given a chance to repair the damage naturally.
Caries that has destroyed enamel cannot be reversed. Most caries will continue to get worse and go deeper. With time, the tooth may decay down to the root. How long this takes will vary from person to person. Caries can erode to a painful level within months or years.



Prevention
One way you can prevent cavities is by reducing the amount of plaque and bacteria in your mouth. The best way to do this is by brushing and flossing  daily. You also can use antibacterial mouth rinses to reduce the levels of bacteria that cause cavities.
You can reduce the amount of tooth-damaging acid in your mouth by eating sugary or starchy foods less often during the day. Your mouth will remain acidic for several hours after eating. Therefore, you are more likely to prevent caries if you avoid between-meal snacks.
Chewing gum that contains xylitol helps to decrease bacterial growth. The bacteria cannot use the xylitol as a food source, like sugar. Other products also can reduce the acid level in your mouth. Ask your dentist about them.
Another way to reduce your risk of cavities is through the use of fluoride, which strengthens teeth. A dentist can evaluate your risk of caries and then suggest appropriate fluoride treatments. Fluoride in water strengthens teeth from within, as they develop, and also on the outside. Dentists also can paint fluoride varnish on children's primary teeth to protect them from decay.
In adults, molars can be protected with sealant In children, both baby molars and permanent molars can be sealed. Dentists also can use sealants on molars that have early signs of tooth decay, as long as the decay has not broken through the enamel.



Treatment
Caries is a process. In its early stages, tooth decay can be stopped. It can even be reversed. Fluorides and other prevention methods also help a tooth in early stages of decay to repair itself (remineralize). White spots are the last stage of early caries.
Once caries gets worse and there is a break in the enamel, only the dentist can repair the tooth. Then the standard treatment for a cavity is to fill the tooth. If a drill is used, the dentist will numb the area. If a laser is used, a numbing shot is not usually required. The decayed material in the cavity is removed and the cavity is filled.

Many fillings are made of dental amalgam or composite resine. Amalgam is a silver-gray material made from silver, mercury, copper or other metals. Composite resin offers a better appearance because it is tooth-colored. Newer resins are very durable.
Amalgams are used in molars and premolars because the metal is not seen in the back of the mouth. Composite and ceramic materials are used for all teeth.
If a cavity is large, the remaining tooth may not be able to support enough filling material to repair it. In this case, the dentist will remove the decay and cover the tooth with a ceramic inlay, onlay or artificial crown. These may be made in the office or in a lab.
Sometimes the part of the tooth you can see remains relatively intact, but there is decay in the pulp inside the tooth. In this case, the tooth will need root canal treatment. A general dentist or an endodontist will be able to remove the tooth's pulp and replace it with an inert material. In most cases, the tooth will need a crown.



When To Call a Professional
The early stages of decay are usually painless. Only regular professional examinations and X-rays can detect early trouble. If you develop sensitivity to chewing or to hot, cold or sweet foods or drinks, contact your dentist.



Prognosis
If caries is not treated, it likely will cause the tooth to decay significantly. Eventually, uncontrolled decay may destroy the tooth.
Having caries increases your risk of more caries for several reasons:

• Caries is caused by bacteria. The more decay you have, the more bacteria exist in your mouth.
• The same oral care and dietary habits that led to the decay of your teeth will cause more decay.
• Bacteria tend to stick to fillings and other restorations more than to smooth teeth, so those areas will be more likely to have new caries.
• Cracks or gaps in the fillings may allow bacteria and food to enter the tooth, leading to decay from beneath the filling.

GINGIVITIS

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Heart

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Oral health and heart diseases

Heart disease and oral health: role 

of oral bacteria in heart plaque

BOSTON, MA — The billions of bacteria and other microscopic critters that live in the mouth unquestionably influence the health of teeth and gums. But do they also cause problems for the heart and blood vessels? And can improving oral health prevent cardiovascular problems?
The notion that problems in the mouth cause diseases elsewhere in the body makes sense but has been difficult to prove, explains the Harvard Heart Letter. Scientists are exploring several mechanisms that may connect the two processes. In people with periodontitis (erosion of tissue and bone that support the teeth), chewing and toothbrushing release bacteria into the bloodstream. Several species of bacteria that cause periodontitis have been found in the atherosclerotic plaque in arteries in the heart and elsewhere. This plaque can lead to heart attack.
Oral bacteria could also harm blood vessels or cause blood clots by releasing toxins that resemble proteins found in artery walls or the bloodstream. The immune system's response to these toxins could harm vessel walls or make blood clot more easily. It is also possible that inflammation in the mouth revs up inflammation throughout the body, including in the arteries, where it can lead to heart attack and stroke.
Although we sill have a lot to learn about whether, and how, periodontitis and other oral problems are linked to heart disease, the Harvard Heart Letter notes that it still makes good sense to take care of your teeth. Brush and floss every day, and see your dentist at least twice a year for regular cleanings and oral exams. This will pay off for your oral health and just may benefit your heart as well.

Did you know the mouth is the window to the body? Recent research suggests a link between oral health and heart disease, stroke, preterm births, diabetes and respiratory disease.* In fact, a visit to the dentist could detect more than just a  cavity, as often the first sign of a medical condition will appear in the mouth. This new OnQ series focuses on the importance of dental and oral  care, and its impact on your overall health. *Oral Health in America, A Report of the Surgeon General, 2000 Watch for new video every day this week!

Taking good care of your teeth is important to overall health. The mouth is where your body  starts to break  down food so that it can get the vitamins and minerals you need to grow. ORAL HEALTH AND HEART DISEASE Nearly 16 million American adults suffer from one or more types of cardiovascular  disease. There is growing evidence that the infection associated with periodontal disease can travel  throughout your body. Some studies suggest the body's response to this infection can increase the risk of  cardiovascular  diseases such as stroke, heart attack, coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis  (narrowing of the arteries). Taking preventive measures is one way to help decrease your risk. Talk to your dentist about your risks, and remember to follow a keep up with your dental duo--rigorous home care and  regular dentist visits. Periodontal Disease - An infection of the tissues that support teeth. There are two types: Gingivitis - an infection of the gums around the teeth Periodontitis - more severe than gingivitis because the infection has spread to the bone  that support s the teeth SYMPTOMS: Red, swollen or tender gums Bleeding while brushing or flossing Gums that pull away from teeth Loss or separating of teeth Red, white or swollen areas of mouth Persistent bad breath Also in this issue of the Harvard Heart Letter Simple changes in diet can protect you against friendly fire Put some bite into heart disease prevention Blood pressure drugs can boost blood sugar Fish: Friend or foe? Heart Beat: Dancing away from heart failure Heart Beat: Too soon to sell a gene test for warfarin? Heart Beat: Is there an afterlife for pacemakers and defibrillators? Ask the doctor: What are the symptoms of, and tests for, an enlarged heart? Ask the doctor: What's the skinny on fat-free half-and-half?

Teeth Brushing

How to Brush

What's the proper way to Brush?

Proper cleaning takes a minimum of two min's — you heard right, 120 mere seconds! Most adults don't come near to brushing which long. To obtain a feel for that time included, try utilizing a stopwatch. In order to properly clean your the teeth, use brief, gentle cerebral vascular accidents, paying extra focus on the gumline, hard-to-reach back again teeth as well as areas close to fillings, caps or additional restoration. Focus on thoroughly cleansing each section the following:

• Clean the actual outer surfaces of the upper the teeth, then your own lower the teeth

• Clean the actual inner surfaces of the upper the teeth, then your own lower the teeth

• Clean the actual chewing areas

• For more fresh breath, make sure to brush your own tongue, as well.

What Kind of Toothbrush Must i Use?

Most dental care professionals agree that the soft-bristled brush is better for getting rid of plaque as well as debris out of your teeth. Small-headed brushes will also be preferable, given that they can much better reach every area of the actual mouth, such as hard-to-reach back again teeth. For a lot of, a driven toothbrush is a great alternative. It can perform a more satisfactory job of cleansing teeth, particularly when you have difficulty cleaning or who've limited guide dexterity. To obtain the right Colgate toothbrush for you personally, click right here.

How Important may be the Toothpaste I personally use?

It is essential that you use the toothpaste you heard right for a person. Today there's a multitude of toothpaste created for many problems, including cavities, gingivitis, tartar, discolored teeth as well as sensitivity. Ask your own dentist or even dental hygienist that toothpaste is befitting you. To obtain the right Colgate toothpaste for you personally, click right here.

How Often Must i Replace My personal Toothbrush?

You need to replace your own toothbrush whenever it begins to exhibit wear, or every 3 months, whichever arrives first. It's also very vital that you change toothbrushes after you have had the cold, since the actual bristles may collect bacteria that can result in reinfection.

Teeth

Teeth is our main masticatory organ. In human dentition we have 52 teeth.. 20 deciduous and 32 permanent.

A tooth (plural teeth) is a small, calcified, whitish structure found in the jaws (or mouts) of many vertebrae and used to break down food. Some animals, particularly carnivores , also use teeth for hunting or for defensive purposes. The roots of teeth are covered by gums. Teeth are not made of bone, but rather of multiple tissues of varying density and hardness. The cellular tissues that ultimately become teeth originate from the embryonic germ layer, the ectoderm.
The general structure of teeth is similar across the vertebrates, although there is considerable variation in their form and position. The teeth of mammals have deep roots, and this pattern is also found in some fish, and in crocodilians. In most teleost fish, however, the teeth are attached to the outer surface of the bone, while in lizards they are attached to the inner surface of the jaw by one side. In cartilaginous fish, such as sharks, the teeth are attached by tough ligaments to the hoops of cartilage that form the jaw.^[1]
Teeth are among the most distinctive (and long-lasting) features of mammal species. Paleontologists use teeth to identify fossil species and determine their relationships. The shape of the animal's teeth are related to its diet. For example, plant matter is hard to digest, so herbivores have many molars for chewing and grinding. Carnivores, on the other hand, need canines to kill prey and to tear meat.
Mammals in general are diphyodont, meaning that they develop two sets of teeth. In humans, the first set (the "baby," "milk," "primary" or "deciduous" set) normally starts to appear at about six months of age, although some babies are born with one or more visible teeth, known as neonatal teeth. Normal tooth eruption at about six months is known as teething and can be painful. Kangaroos, elephants and manatees are unusual among mammals because they are polyphyodonts.
Some animals develop only one set of teeth (monophyodont) while others develop many sets (polyphyodont). Sharks, for example, grow a new set of teeth every two weeks to replace worn teeth. Rodent incisors grow and wear away continually through gnawing, which helps maintain relatively constant length. The industry of the beaver is due in part to this qualification. Many rodents such as voles (but not mice) and guinea pigs, as well as leporidae like rabbits, have continuously growing molars in addition to incisors.^[2][3]
Teeth are not always attached to the jaw, as they are in mammals. In many reptiles and fish, teeth are attached to the palate or to the floor of the mouth, forming additional rows inside those on the jaws proper. Some teleosts even have teeth in the pharynx. While not true teeth in the usual sense, the denticles of sharks are almost identical in structure, and are likely to have the same evolutionary origin. Indeed, teeth appear to have first evolved in sharks, and are not found in the more primitive jawless fish - while lampreys do have tooth-like structures on the tongue, these are in fact, composed of keratin, not of dentine or enamel, and bear no relationship to true teeth.^[1] Though "modern" teeth-like structures with dentine and enamel have been found in late conodonts, they are now supposed to have evolved independently of later vertebrates' teeth.^{[4] [5]}
Living amphibians typically have small teeth, or none at all, since they commonly feed only on soft foods. In reptiles, teeth are generally simple and conical in shape, although there is some variation between species, most notably the venom-injecting fangs of snakes. The pattern of incisors, canines, premolars and molars is found only in mammals, and to varying extents, in their evolutionary ancestors. The numbers of these types of teeth varies greatly between species; zoologists use a standardised dental formula to describe the precise pattern in any given group.^[1]

Children dentistry

 Hi guys I'm going to introduce u some important matter about pediatric dentistry.....

What is Baby Bottle Tooth Decay?

 

Baby bottle tooth decay is caused by the frequent and long-term exposure of a child's teeth to liquids containing sugars. Among these liquids are milk, formula, fruit juice, sodas and other sweetened drinks. The sugars in these liquids pool around the infant's teeth and gums, feeding the bacteria in plaque. Every time a child consumes a sugary liquid, acid produced by these bacteria attack the teeth and gums. After numerous attacks, tooth decay can begin.

 

The condition also is associated with breast-fed infants who have prolonged feeding habits or with children whose pacifiers are frequently dipped in honey, sugar or syrup. The sweet fluids left in the mouth while the infant is sleeping increase the chances of cavities.

 

Why should I be worried about baby bottle tooth decay?

 

Giving an infant a sugary drink at nap or nighttime is harmful because during sleep, the flow of saliva decreases, allowing the sugary liquids to linger on the child's teeth for an extended period of time. If left untreated, decay can result, which can cause pain and infection. Severely decayed teeth may need to be extracted. If teeth are infected or lost too early due to baby bottle tooth decay, your child may develop poor eating habits, speech problems, crooked teeth and damaged adult teeth. Healthy baby teeth will usually result in healthy permanent teeth.

 

How can I prevent baby bottle tooth decay?

 

Never allow a child to fall asleep with a bottle containing milk, formula, juice or other sweetened liquids. Clean and massage the baby's gums to help establish healthy teeth and to aid in teething. Wrap a moistened gauze square or washcloth around the finger and gently massage the gums and gingival tissues. This should be done after every feeding.

 

Plaque removal activities should begin upon eruption of the first baby tooth. When brushing a child's teeth, use a soft toothbrush and water. If you are considering using toothpaste before your child's second birthday, ask your dentist first. Parents should first bring their child to the dentist when the child is between 6 and 12 months old.

 

Will changes in my child's diet help prevent baby bottle tooth decay?

 

A series of small changes over a period of time is usually easier and eventually leads to better oral health.

 

To incorporate these changes:

 

• Gradually dilute the bottle contents with water over a period of two to three weeks.
• Once that period is over, if you give a child a bottle, fill it with water or give the child a clean pacifier recommended by a dentist. The only safe liquid to put in a bottle to prevent baby bottle tooth decay is water.
• Decrease consumption of sugar, especially between meals.
• Children should be weaned from the bottle as soon as they can drink from a cup, usually by their first birthday, but the bottle should not be taken away too soon, since the sucking motion aids in the development of facial muscles, as well as the tongue.